^ “ firmament, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.Swedish: firmament (sv) n, fäste (sv) n, himlavalv (sv) n. ![]() Portuguese: firmamento (pt) m, alturas (pt) f pl.Old English: lyft m or f or n, staþol m, uprodor m.Icelandic: andlangur (is) m, festing f, himinhvel n, himinhvolf (is) n, himinn (is) m.Finnish: ilmankansi ( poetic ), taivaankansi (fi).Dutch: firmament (nl) n, gespan (nl) n ( archaic ), hemelgespan n, hemelgewelf (nl) n, uitspansel (nl) n ( archaic ).Synonyms: ( Britain, dialectal ) lift, welkin ( usually countable, literary, also figuratively ) The vault of the heavens, where the clouds, sun, moon, and stars can be seen the heavens, where the clouds, sun, moon, planets, and stars can be seen the heavens, the sky, the sky.( General American ) IPA ( key): /ˈfɝməmənt/įirmament ( countable and uncountable, plural firmaments).( Received Pronunciation ) IPA ( key): /ˈfɜːməm(ə)nt/.The Latin word was used in the Vulgate version of the Bible to translate theĪncient Greek στερέωμα ( steréōma, “ foundation, framework firmament ” ) in the Septuagint (Greek Old Testament), which in turn was used to translate the Hebrew רָקִיעַ ( rāqī́aʿ, “ celestial dome, vault of heaven ” ), from the root ר־ק־ע ( r-q-` ) in Classical Syriac the similar root ܪ-ܩ-ܥ ( r-q-ʿ ) (related to compacting) gave rise to ܪܩܝܥܐ ( rəqīʿā, “ compact firm firmament, heavens, sky celestial sphere ” ). Firmāre is the present active infinitive of firmō ( “ to make firm, strengthen ” ), from firmus ( “ firm, strong, stable ” ), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer- ( “ to hold to support ” ). ![]() One version of the Ptolemaic system of celestial spheres, with the firmament (indicated in Latin as Firmamentu sense 3) shown as the eighth heaven įrom Middle English firmament, furmament ( “ heaven sky ” ), from Old French firmament ( “ firmament ” ), or from its etymon Latin firmāmentum ( “ support sky ” ), fromįirmāre ( “ to strengthen ” ) + -mentum ( suffix indicating an instrument or medium, or the result of an action ).
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